Ryszard Pluta, M.D., Ph.D., is Head of Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, at Warsaw, Poland. During study medicine in Medical Academy in Lublin he received student fellowship in the Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany (1975) and University of Cologne, Germany (1976). He finished his M.D. in 1977 with honors and in 1983 Professor Pluta completed Ph.D. in neuropathology of experimental complete brain ischemia at the Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. In 1979 he was scientific visitor Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. After Ph.D. he received a postdoctoral fellowship in the Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroanatomical Sciences, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA (1986-1988 Head Dr I. Klatzo) where he laid the foundation for his observations of neuronal death following ischemia. A postdoctoral fellowship he continued in the Department of Pathological Neurobiology, Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA (1988-1989 Head Dr H.M. Wisniewski). He joined the Department of Pathological Neurobiology, Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA in 1990/1991, 1993/1994, 1997 as Visiting Professor where he directed his research to Alzheimer’s disease etiology. This led to the proposal of ischemic theory of Alzheimer’s disease. In 1992 Prof. Pluta completed his Associated Professor Thesis in treatment of brain ischemia and from 2004 he is full Professor in Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, at Warsaw. He was Visiting Professor in Max-Planck Institute for Neurological Research Cologne 2000, 2001, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia 2010 and Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic 2011. Prof. Pluta is pioneer in developing ischemic theory of Alzheimer’s disease. At 1998 he presented as first autoimmunization as new therapy of Alzheimer’s disease. He was awarded by Polish Association of Neuropathologists in 1980, 1986, by President of Polish Academy of Sciences in 1982, 1989, by Medical Secretary of Polish Academy of Sciences in 1992, by Batory’s Foundation Warsaw in 1996, by International Brain Research Organization Paris France in 1997, by Alzheimer’s Association Chicago 1998, and by SiNAPSA Neuroscience Conference '11 in 2011, by Director of Mossakowski Medical Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (2005, 2014, 2016) and University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska Lublin, Poland (2017). Prof. Pluta obtained financial support from Polish Government 1994-2003, 2005-2009, 2007-2010, Polish National Science Centre 2014-2017, National Center for Research and Development in Warsaw, Poland 2017-2020 and from 5 Framework Programme European Union 2000-2004, European Union program COST Action B30 2006-2010. Pluta has served as reviewer for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA, Welcome Trust, London, United Kingdom, Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Lisbon, Portugal, Neurosciences and Mental Health Board, London, United Kingdom, Health and Medical Research Found of the Food and Health Bureau, Government Secretariat, The Government of the Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, The People’s Republic of China and Technology Commercialization, Foresight Science & Technology Inc., San Diego, California, USA. Support contract for the NIH under contract GS-10F-0018J. NIH SBIR Program Commercialization Support Program. He was member of Evaluation Committee of Short Term Scientific Mission, COST Action B30 European Union, Brussels, Belgium, 2006-2010. Prof. Pluta research is now focusing on both how Alzheimer’s disease develops and the neuropathological consequences of the disease at a gene level. He is recently working to determine the sequence of events in vivo ischemic model of Alzheimer’s disease leading to changes caused by ischemic gene expression and development Alzheimer phenotype of disease.

Brain ischemia versus Alzheimer’s disease, neurodegeneration, amyloid, presenilins, tau protein, apolipoproteins, autophagy, apoptosis, α- and β-secretase, RAGE, LRP 1, genes