Abstract
Significance of Vector Control in Elimination of Vector-Borne Diseases
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Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in recent past have drawn attention of all stakeholders because of the fact that firstly it contributes to 17% of estimated global burden of all infectious diseases, secondly the receptivity of areas has increased manifold and many new areas have come under influence of these VBDs and thirdly that some of VBDs have been targeted for global elimination aligning sustainable development goals (SDGs). Malaria and Lymphatic filariasis are known VBDs targeted for elimination which have shown significant reduction till 2023 and many endemic countries have been notified to have achieved elimination status separately for malaria and LF.
The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes integrated vector management (IVM) to improve the cost effectiveness of vector-control operations, and to strengthen the capacity of programmes, partnerships and intersectoral collaboration in their efforts to control vector-borne diseases. The IVM approach aims to contribute to achieving the global targets set for vector-borne disease control by making vector control more efficacious, cost-effective, ecologically sound and sustainable. The framework for elimination was developed outlining a standardized process for implementation which was mainly based on early detection and complete treatment coupled with vector control for malaria but for LF, preventive chemotherapy & transmission control (PCT) as annual mass drug administration (MDA) to population at risk and morbidity management were augmented. WHO has recently addressed the use of IVM for two of these most important vector-borne diseases: malaria and lymphatic filariasis. The IVM approach against malaria and lymphatic filariasis may have synergistic effects and enable resources to be used more efficiently to control multiple vector-borne diseases rather than aiming at a single disease.
However, IVM requires strengthened capacity and capability with commitment of essential functions and organizational structures with priority on financial, human and technical resources for controlling vector-borne diseases. It is easy to say and compare with other pandemics than to implement in field and sustain the efforts especially while reaching to pre-elimination level because priority may affect on financial allocations and redeployment of skilled human resources.
The policy for IVM, therefore need to be formulated detailing on continuation, retention and sustenance of financial and human resources. The gains achieved through diagnosis, treatment and vector control can be sustained if infection among vectors is regularly monitored through advanced molecular techniques viz., xenomonitoring. The investments made on vector control or IVM therefore may be considered as investment only and not the expenditure.
Keywords: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs), Malaria, Morbidity management, Lymphatic filariasis (LF)
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