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Lactobacilli is one of the probiotics that may be
isolated from cheese, vegetables, fruits, dairy and non-dairy products,
fermented and raw milk, human stool culture, natural antimicrobial agent, kefir
grains, feces of breast fed infants, lactating milk, cow, sheep, buffalo milk
and yogurt, etc. This study is specifically connected to microbes present in
air, water, soil, infectious diseases, microbial culturing, statistics,
generation studies and microbial disorders.
Keywords:
Lactobacilli, Probiotics, Supplements, Health benefits, Antimicrobial agent
INTRODUCTION
Probiotics
Probiotics terms derived from Greek words Pro (favor) and bios (life).
Probiotics can be advantageous for its host by improving the microbial balance
in the gut tract [2]. Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic bacteria preparations
that beneficially exert health effects on their host when ingested in adequate
amounts [3].
Various Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), particularly strains of
Lactobacillus recognized as security microorganisms and numbers of products
containing LAB have been shown to have healthy functions [4].
Valuable effects deliberated by Lactobacilli include the inhibition of
pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella, Shigella and Helicobacter.
Furthermore, Lactobacilli have been associated with various other health
benefits, e.g. the reduction of lactose intolerance and increased immune
response. A beneficial role for Lactobacilli has also been obscure in colon
cancer [5].
Probiotics are followers of the commensally bacteria in the GIT tract
of human and animals. A great number of lactic acid bacteria were extracted
from various traditional naturally fermented foods [6,7]. After birth, breast
milk is the best food for baby because it justifies all the nutritional needs
for them during months. Also breast milk protects the newly born against many
infectious diseases. This effect appears a result of the action of some breast
milk components, like, immunoglobulin’s different antimicrobial compounds,
immune component cells [8] and also breast milk contains probiotic substances
which influences the growth of the beneficial bacteria neonate gut [8,9]. In a
general view human breast milk contains fat, protein, carbohydrate, minerals
and bacteria. When it comes to the microbiological point of breast milk, it is
really an important factor in the initiation, development and of course
composition of the neonatal gut micro flora since it source of microorganisms
to the infant gut for several weeks after birth [10]. It is estimated that an
infant ingests 1 × 105-1 × 107 commensal bacteria if the
infant consumes approximately 800 ml breast milk per day [9-11]. However, if
the bacteria with the capability to provide health benefits such as protection
the host from pathogenic bacteria
were
RESULTS
Lactobacilli selection as probiotics for the
cure of diseases
Bio-therapeutic agents: Lactobacilli have been used as
bio therapeutic agents in humans such as: prevention of antibiotic-associated
diarrhea, treatment of vaginitis, diarrhea, urinary tract infections (UTIs),
immune system stimulation, cholesterol decrease, lactosemal absorption and
anti-mutagenic effects. As Cheplin and Rettger [13], Alm et al. [14] and Graf
[15] have favorably encouraged the use of acidophilus milk for the treatment of
constipation whereas Bogdanov [16], Reddy et al. [17], Goldin and Garbach [18]
and Rowland and Grasso [19] found that L.
bulgaricus produced substances which were active against tumor development.
The anti-carcinogenic properties of Lactobacilli fall into three categories:
(a) the inhibition of tumor cells; (b) the suppression of bacteria which are
responsible for the release of carcinogens from innocuous complexes; and (c)
the destruction of carcinogens.
Feeding
yoghurt, skimmed and Fermented milk to humans produced lower blood cholesterol
concentrations illustrated by Mann [20], Nair and Mann [21], Grunewald [22] and
Gilliland et al. [23] whereas Vaginal Lactobacilli or bifidobacteria protect
the human female urogenital tract from pathogen colonization, thus contributing
to the prevention of genitourinary tract infections and playing a role in the
maintenance of a healthy state proposed by McCarthy et al. [24], Lidbeck and
Nord [25] and Morishita [26]. The figure summarizes the bio therapeutic agents
of Lactobacilli given in Figure 1.
Lactobacilli
strains and products: Some Lactobacillus species are used in industry for the
production of yogurt, beer, sauerkraut, pickles, cider, kimchi, cocoa, cheese,
kefir and other fermented foods, as well as animal feeds. The antibacterial and
antifungal activity of Lactobacillus species rely on production of bacteriocins
and low molecular weight compounds that inhibits these microorganisms [27].
Sourdough
bread is made either spontaneously, by taking advantage of the bacteria
naturally present in flour or by using a “starter culture”, which is a
symbiotic culture of yeast and lactic acid bacteria growing in a water and
flour medium. The bacteria metabolize sugars into lactic acid, which lowers the
pH of their environment, creating a signature “sourness” associated with
yogurt, sauerkraut, etc. The genus Lactobacillus currently contains over 180
species and some of the important strains are L. acetotolerans, L. acidifarinae, L. acidipiscis, L. acidophilus, L.
agilis, L. algidus, L. alimentarius,
L. amylolyticus, L. amylophilus, L. amylotrophicus, L. amylovorus, etc.
[27] as shown in Figure 2.
DISCUSSION
Safety for human beings
Lactobacilli
are commonly used in the production of probiotics. When the gut flora develops
after birth, as the Lactobacilli increase, other component of the flora
decrease [28] similar was in the case of pigs when supplemented Lactobacilli in
their food E. coli decreases in
stomach [29]. Experiments with chicks have proved the effect of Lactobacilli on
E. coli [30].
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Probiotic
are in the early stages of use. Future developments will attempt to discover
more effective strains to bring together the ability to survive in the gut with
the ability to produce the metabolites which are responsible for the probiotic
effect. Recent work by McCarthy et al. [24] suggests that the techniques are
available. They showed that L.
acidophilus isolated from pigs could be genetically transformed to enable
them to colonize the mouse gastric epithelium. In my suggestion Lactobacilli
isolated from fermented sugarcane may be helpful for regulating the liver
enzymes. They will also be helpful for lowering bilirubin level of dehydrated
patients.
Probiotics
as bio therapeutic agents have already been started and in the coming future it
is conceivable that they will become effective tools in the treatment of
different disorders like increased and decreased cholesterol level, oral,
vaginitis, diarrhea, urinary tract infections (UTIs), immune system
stimulation, etc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author
acknowledges with the bundle of thanks of her spouse that he encouraged her in
writing this mini review.
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