Abstract
Anti-Obesity Medications
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Obesity is recognized as a major pandemic of the 21st century, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and the burden of healthcare costs.
There are multiple ways to overcome obesity, including surgical and non-surgical approaches. This work aims to study the different medications used to overcome obesity.
Drugs used to overcome obesity:
1) Phentermine: It is similar to amphetamine and acts by stimulating the central nervous system to curb appetite, but it also increases the heart rate and blood pressure. It is contraindicated in people with high blood pressure.
2) Semaglutide/Liraglutide: It is a GLP-1 receptor which is responsible for appetite regulation. It activates these receptors leading to increased feeling of fullness and reduced hunger.
3) Orlistat: It is used to manage obesity by reversibly inhibiting gastric and pancreatic lipases in the gut. The medicine binds to active sites of these lipases, rendering them inactive.
4) Naltrexone/ Bupropion: The combination medicine affects the hypothalamus and the mesolimbic dopamine circuit to promote satiety, reduce food intake and, and enhance energy expenditure.
5) Topiramate: The medicine leads to appetite suppression, prevents the body from storing excess fat, and lowers fat and cholesterol levels by influencing a hormone called leptin which plays a role in fat storage.
Semaglutide has proven to be the most effective drug for treating obesity. With increasing obesity in the current times, it is crucial to treat obesity as it can lead to major health problems like CVD, diabetes etc.
With lifestyle interventions, dietary modifications and when required, by using the appropriate anti-obesity medication, obesity can be treated.
Keywords: Obesity, Pandemic, Topiramate, Diabetes, Hypothalamus
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