The two main classes of nucleic acids i.e., DNA and RNA functioning as the carrier of genetic information. As DNA double helical structure is well-known structure with defined function, this information is copied and passed on to the next generation [8]. One of the most important molecules in living cells is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The genetic material DNA is a polymer composed of monomeric units known as nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of a 5-carbon sugar, deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base, and one or more phosphate groups and the phosphate group is acidic, so the name nucleic acid was coined [8].

Similarly, RNA is chemically identical to DNA as it is a chain of similar monomers. RNA is further of three types: mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. RNA molecules are required at all stages of protein synthesis. Messenger RNA transmits the code that specifies the amino acid sequence of the protein; transfer RNA molecules translate the code word for word into protein; and ribosomal RNAs in the ribosome provide part of the machinery to perform the synthesis. Protein structure is known to have a higher degree of conservation compared to sequences due to large variations in sequence within the protein family which can still result in very similar three-dimensional structures [9]. The structure of any protein molecule helps in determining its function [10]. There are many important such findings and, we can analyze it by using different tools used in bioinformatics. Here we are discussing about some most common biological databases and tools used in sequence analysis of protein and nucleic acids.

DISCUSSION

Bioinformatics is a discipline of biology that grows extensively in last few years. Sequences analysis and identification of new gene, proteins and structure are few important applications of bioinformatics [54]. The most important application is designing of 3D structure of proteins whose structures were not predicted by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and crystallographic method, due to protein bulky size and other limitations [55]. Genome analysis and sequencing of genome of new varieties is possible only because of extensive computational applications of bioinformatics. In this article we tried to compile most of the resources related to protein and nucleic acids that gives new insight to biological research [56-58].

CONCLUSION

Bioinformatics is a young discipline, which is widely used for analysis of genome, prediction of protein and gene structures, cell modeling, analysis of molecular pathways etc. As per the requirement of these tasks, various tools like the ones mentioned in this paper have been successfully curated and has made something as complex as genome sequencing much easier to work with. These tools can be used for various tasks like retrieval of structures, prediction and formation of new structures, comparison of different structures etc. that could be helpful for research of a new macromolecule. All these tools are easy to use and free to access.

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