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Ethiopia has diverse vegetation
ecosystems and home to large number of flora, fauna and microbial species.
These provide suitable ecosystem services for environmental and diverse
economic outcomes. However, there
are threats to socioeconomic and biodiversity by invasive alien plant species
(IPS). They cause threats to biodiversity, economic and health problems in Ethiopia.
This paper addresses the ecological impacts of IPS on biodiversity in the major
types of ecosystems, examine the impacts on socio-economic; discuss mitigation
measures of the IPS in Ethiopia. Some of these species include Prosopis
juliflora, Parthenium hysterophorus, Eichhornia crassipes,
Lantana camara and Acacia
species, which are the major threats to biodiversity losses. Water bodies,
wetlands, disturbed vegetation types (e.g. Acacia-Commiphora vegetation type),
agro-ecosystems, road sides, urban green areas, range lands are under threat of
IPS nowadays in the country. Results revealed that under P. juliflora thicket for instance, 96% of woody species were
constituted by P. juliflora than the
overall 3.9% of woody native plant species. Moreover,
it was also found that number of cattle, sheep, goats and camels were reduced
by 56.2%, 25.2%, 19.2% and 48.6%, respectively after the invasion of P. juliflora in South Afar region. To minimize and control such invasions, different
strategies are being applied such as eradication by utilization of P. juliflora in Afar region for example,
and mechanical control of P. hysterophorus in different parts of the country. For use
of sustainable ecosystem services, strategies such as integrated management
strategies, participation of all stockholders and multidisciplinary research
approaches within and across countries should be designed to reverse the
situations.
INTRODUCTION
METHODS AND
MATERIALS
To compile this paper, books, research
papers, manuals, reports and proceedings were reviewed and used.
RESULTS
CONCLUSION
1. EBI (Ethiopian Biodiversity
Institute) (2014) Ethiopian’s fifth national report to the conservation
biodiversity.
2. Shine C, Kettunen M, ten Brink P,
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Brussels, Belgium, p: 35.
3. Shiferaw W, Demissew S, Bekele T
(2018) Invasive alien plant species in Ethiopia: Ecological impacts on
biodiversity a review paper. Int J Mol Biol 3: 171-178.
4. Shiferaw W, Demissew S, Bekele T
(2019) Encroachments and socio-ecological impacts of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.)
DC. (Fabaceae) in Afar National Regional State, northeast Ethiopia. PhD Thesis,
Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
5. Shiferaw W, Demissew S, Bekele T,
Aynekulu E (2019) In: Invasive alien
species: threat to sustainable livelihoods and ecosystems health. Invasive
impacts of Prosopis juliflora on plant diversity and regeneration potential of
native species in Southern Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia. 29thAnnual
Conference of the Biological Society of Ethiopia. May 3-4, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia
6. McNeely JA, Mooney HA, Neville LE,
Schei P, Waage JK (2001) A global strategy on invasive alien species. IUCN
Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, p: 50.
7. Shiferaw H, Bewket W, Alamirew T,
Zeleke G, Teketay D, et al. (2019) Implications of land use/land cover dynamics
and P. juliflora invasion on ecosystem service values in Afar region, Ethiopia.
Sci Total Environ 675: 354-366.
8. Global Environment Facility (GEF)
(2002) Removing barriers to invasive plant management in Africa. Inc: Country
Report on National Stakeholders Workshop on Invasive Alien Species, August
17-18, 2002. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
9. Fessehaie R, Tessema T (2014)
Alien plant species invasions in Ethiopia: Challenges and responses. In:
International Workshop on Parthenium Weed in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.
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