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Medicine is characterised by the immense
complexity and cost of the many techniques, medical specialists, devices and
drugs which are used to keep people alive and/or to improve their quality of
life however this system is under an immense strain as the demand for
healthcare exceeds the funds and resources which are available to support the
current system. It is a system which is
designed for evolution rather than revolution. There is a need for radical and
disruptive technologies which can reduce the cost of diagnosis, improve
throughput in primary and secondary care, improve therapeutic outcomes, guide
people how best to manage their health and lifestyles, and do so at
considerably lower cost.
Medicine has evolved in an entirely random way,
incorporating the latest knowledge and/or fashionable ideas, and as a result
comprises a hotch-potch of techniques and devices which, in some way, can be
deployed to screen or treat the health of the patient [1] however there is not
yet an accepted understanding of how the body functions and is regulated. Consequently, such tests are non-linear; often
incorporate a significant range of limiting factors; and are prone to
misdiagnose the conditions. The treatments are often ineffective [2]. If the
drug is used in a lower than prescribed frequency or concentration it is
ineffective; if above the prescribed level it is often toxic; they treat the
consequences of autonomic dysfunction rather than their cause; side-effects
occur; the effectiveness of drugs declines over a period; however it is wise
not to become obsessed by the limitations of drugs. There will never be drug-free healthcare
service(s). It may have its limitations but for many it is indispensable,
especially so in the A&E context. The big challenge is to improve the
scientific understanding of how the body functions; to provide options for
those who want to use drugs and then when drugs don't work to find something
else; and then for those who want to have a healthy option, to fall back on
biomedicine when it doesn't work; however if the body is highly regulated, as
it is, there must be a precise mechanism which explains how the body functions
and how the various physiological parameters are regulated. The problem faced by medicine [3] is that it
seeks to correlate a series of non-linear test results which it assumes can be
used as accurate determinants yet the evidence suggests that such an approach
has only limited validity and applicability. The tests are rarely 100% accurate
or entirely reproducible. The system is bogged down by the immense amounts of
poor or incompatible data [4]. There is the need for a better understanding
than can be provided by the contemporary range of biomedical tests, drugs and
treatments.
There is an immense amount of knowledge in the
medical research database – the data is valid -however, as yet, there is scant
recognition of the limitations of biomedicine. The evidence is there. It just
needs researchers to assemble this knowledge into a usable format. For
instance:
(i) it is the level/rate of protein expression
which is most significant; (ii) there are few, if any, cases where a single
gene is responsible for a particular medical condition; (iii) the rate of
protein reaction/reactivity is significant; (iv) proteins may unwind and be
unreactive; (v) there are physiological systems which are responsible for
specific physiological parameters e.g. blood pressure, blood glucose, sleep,
pH, etc; (vi) the brain uses a frequency-based mechanism to regulate the
coherent function autonomic nervous system and physiological systems i.e. it is
a biophysical mechanism in which the biological entity which is the brain
deploys a biophysical mechanism to regulate its function; whereas biomedicine
has focused upon:
(i) determining the chemical nature of the genes which
express a particular protein, rather than considering gene conformation and
energetics; (ii) relating a particular gene to a particular disease when it is
now recognised that most medical conditions are polygenomic, multi-systemic and
multi-pathological; and (iii) determining the level of a particular biochemical
marker rather than considering the full spectrum of biochemical changes which
accompany pathological onset.
It effectively ignores (iv) the complex
morphology of the genes; (v) whether a protein is coiled and reactive or
uncoiled and unreactive; (vi) the biological conditions e.g. pH and mineral
levels, which influence the rate at which proteins react with their substrates;
(vii) the significance of the physiological systems i.e. measuring the level of
systemic function (blood pressure, blood glucose) rather than identifying the
contributory causes ; and (viii) the neuro-regulatory function of the brain.
Medical research reacts to the power of
reputation rather than considering the scientific validity of a proposed
intervention. It is a biased [5], fashion-led industry [6,7] which acts on a
limited knowledge-based i.e. the etiology of most medical conditions is often
incomplete and inadequate. It adopts biomarker tests which are promoted by
diagnostic test manufacturers. Moreover once one test becomes the adopted
standard for a particular condition it becomes increasingly difficult to be
displaced by better tests – the inconvenience, complexity and cost of doing so
act as impediments to progress. It adopts therapeutic interventions which
perform a function, perhaps providing temporary relief, rather than considering
the scientific integrity and precision of such techniques e.g. a treatment may
relieve a particular condition which results in side-effects which need to be
treated. It is a system of immense complexity and cost which incorporates what
is available, what can be afforded, and what a particular clinician decides to
advocate – often more of the same - rather than considering the merits of more
novel, radical and disruptive diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities.
The Russian researcher Igor Grakov [8,9] identified
(i) that the brain acts as a neuro-regulator [9] continuously regulating the
body’s complex function and systems; (ii) that changes of colour perception are
associated with pathological onset as a result of the emission of biophotons of
light from these biological systems [10,11]; and (iii) that pathological onset
is invariably polygenomic, multi-systemic and multi-pathological [13-16]. Such knowledge has been incorporated into a
complex, precise and sophisticated mathematical model of how the brain
regulates the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems which initial
research has illustrated is 2-23% effective [17-20] as a screening modality by
comparison with the range of diagnostic tests used by the test clinics and
hospitals; and as a therapeutic modality which initial research has illustrated
is typically 83-96% [20-24] effective depending upon the nature and extent of
the conditions being treated.
- Ewing
GW (2016) The Future of Medicine: Biomedicine or Neuroscience? Insights in
Biomedicine 1: 14-17.
- Spear
BB, Heath-Chiozzi M, Huff J (2001) Clinical application of
pharmacogenetics. Trends Mol Med 7: 201-204.
- Ewing
GW (2015) Back to Basics: Limitations of Research influencing the Human
Brain Project. Comput Sci Syst Biol 6: 322-326
- Ewing
GW (2017) The Limitations of Big Data.The Limitations of Big Data in
Healthcare.MOJ Proteomics Bioinform 5: 00152.
- Joober
R, Schmitz N, Annable L, Boksa P. Publication bias: What are the
challenges and can they be overcome? J.PsychiatryNeurosci
2012;37(3):149-152
- Ewing
GW, Grakov IG (2012) Fashion or Science? How can orthodox biomedicine
explain the body’s function and regulation? N Am J Med Sci 4: 57-61.
- Ewing
GW (2015) Are we so obsessed with technology that we fail to apply basic
logic to what we see? Human Genetics Embryol 5: 1.
- Grakov
IG (1985) Strannik Diagnostic and Treatment System: a Virtual Scanner for
the Health Service. Praesidium of
the Siberian of theAcademy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (AMN).
- Ewing GW, Ewing EN,
Hankey A (2007) Virtual Scanning - Medical Assessment and Treatment. J Alternat
Com Med 13: 271-286.
- Ewing
G (2016) What is the function of the Brain? What does it do and how does
it do it? It functions as a Neuroregulator, which continuously regulates
the Autonomic Nervous System and Physiological Systems, and enables us to
Recognise that Sleep Exhibits the Characteristics of a Neurally Regulated
Physiological System. J Neurol Psychol 4: 9.
- Ewing GW, Ewing EN
(2008) Cognition, the Autonomic Nervous System and the Physiological
Systems. Biogenic
Amines 22: 140-163.
- Ewing
GW, Parvez SH, Grakov IG (2011) Further Observations on Visual Perception:
the influence of pathologies upon the absorption of light and emission of
bioluminescence. Open Systems Biol J 4: 1-7.
- Ewing GW, Ewing EN,
Parvez SH (2009) The Multi-systemic Origins of Migraine.Biogenic
Amines 23: 1-52.
- Ewing GW, Ewing EN
(2009) Computer Diagnosis in Cardiology. N Am J Med Sci 1: 152-159.
- Ewing
GW (2015) Case Study: the Determination a Complex Multi-Systemic Medical
Condition by a Cognitive, Virtual Scanning Technique. Case Rep Clin Med 4:
209-221
- Ewing
GW (2016) The Use of Strannik Virtual Scanning as a Modality for the
Earliest Screening of the Pathological Correlates of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) J 10: 2-20.
- Ewing
GW, Duran JC (2016) A Report of the Ability of Strannik Virtual Scanning
to Screen the Health of a Randomly Selected Cohort of Patients. Enliven:
Neurol Neurotech 2: 001.
- Mohanlall
R, Ewing GW, Adams JK (2017) A further study of the ability of Strannik
Virtual Scanning as a broad-spectrum screening modality. Study reported
completed early December 2016. J
Neurophysiol Neurol Disord 4: 1-12.
- Ewing
GW (2017) A summary or meta-analysis of data regarding the use of Strannik
Virtual Scanning as a screening modality for healthcare. Asian J Pharm
Nursing Med Sci 5: 55-71
- Vysochin
Yu, et al. (2001) Methodology and Technology of Invigoration of Different
Population Orders. In: Consolidated 5 year Research Plan of Physical
Training, Sports and Tourism State Committee of the Russian Federation.
- Ewing GW (2009) A
Theoretical Framework for Photosensitivity: Evidence of Systemic
Regulation. J Computer Sci System Biol 2: 287-297.
- Ewing
GW, Parvez SH (2012) The influence of Pathologies and EEG frequencies upon
sense perception and coordination in Developmental Dyslexia.A Unified
Theory of Developmental Dyslexia. N Am J Med Sci. 4: 109-116.
- Nwose
EU, Ewing GW, Ewing EN
(2009) Migraine can be managed with Virtual Scanning: case report. Open
Complement Med J 2009;1:16-18.
- Ewing
GW (2015) The successful treatment of Dysarthria using Strannik Light
Therapy (Biofeedback): a case study. Case Rep Clin Med 4: 266-269.
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